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System.java
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/*
* @(#)System.java 1.73 98/07/01
*
* Copyright 1995-1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
* 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is the confidential and proprietary information
* of Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Confidential Information"). You
* shall not disclose such Confidential Information and shall use
* it only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement
* you entered into with Sun.
*/
package java.lang;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
/**
* The <code>System</code> class contains several useful class fields
* and methods. It cannot be instantiated.
* <p>
* Among the facilities provided by the <code>System</code> class
* are standard input, standard output, and error output streams;
* access to externally defined "properties"; a means of
* loading files and libraries; and a utility method for quickly
* copying a portion of an array.
*
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @version 1.73, 07/01/98
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final
class System {
/** Don't let anyone instantiate this class */
private System() {
}
/**
* The "standard" input stream. This stream is already
* open and ready to supply input data. Typically this stream
* corresponds to keyboard input or another input source specified by
* the host environment or user.
*
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final static InputStream in = nullInputStream();
/**
* The "standard" output stream. This stream is already
* open and ready to accept output data. Typically this stream
* corresponds to display output or another output destination
* specified by the host environment or user.
* <p>
* For simple stand-alone Java applications, a typical way to write
* a line of output data is:
* <ul><code>System.out.println(data)</code></ul>
* <p>
* See the <code>println</code> methods in class <code>PrintStream</code>.
*
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println()
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(boolean)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(char)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(char[])
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(double)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(float)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(int)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(long)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.Object)
* @see java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.String)
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final static PrintStream out = nullPrintStream();
/**
* The "standard" error output stream. This stream is already
* open and ready to accept output data.
* <p>
* Typically this stream corresponds to display output or another
* output destination specified by the host environment or user. By
* convention, this output stream is used to display error messages
* or other information that should come to the immediate attention
* of a user even if the principal output stream, the value of the
* variable <code>out</code>, has been redirected to a file or other
* destination that is typically not continuously monitored.
*
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final static PrintStream err = nullPrintStream();
/* The security manager for the system.
*/
private static SecurityManager security = null;
/**
* Reassigns the "standard" input stream.
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static void setIn(InputStream in) {
checkIO();
setIn0(in);
}
/**
* Reassigns the "standard" output stream.
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static void setOut(PrintStream out) {
checkIO();
setOut0(out);
}
/**
* Reassigns the "standard" error output stream.
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static void setErr(PrintStream err) {
checkIO();
setErr0(err);
}
private static void checkIO() {
if (security != null) {
/* REMIND: this should have its own security check call */
security.checkExec("setio");
}
}
private static native void setIn0(InputStream in);
private static native void setOut0(PrintStream out);
private static native void setErr0(PrintStream err);
/**
* Sets the System security.
* If a security manager has already been established for the
* currently running Java application, a <code>SecurityException</code>
* is thrown. Otherwise, the argument is established as the current
* security manager. If the argument is <code>null</code> and no
* security manager has been established, then no action is taken and
* the method simply returns.
*
* @param s the security manager.
* @exception SecurityException if the security manager has already
* been set.
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void setSecurityManager(SecurityManager s) {
if (security != null) {
throw new SecurityException("SecurityManager already set");
}
security = s;
}
/**
* Gets the system security interface.
*
* @return if a security manager has already been established for the
* current application, then that security manager is returned;
* otherwise, <code>null</code> is returned.
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static SecurityManager getSecurityManager() {
return security;
}
/**
* Returns the current time in milliseconds.
* <p>
* See the description of the class <code>Date</code> for a discussion
* of slight discrepancies that may arise between "computer
* time" and coordinated universal time (UTC).
*
* @return the difference, measured in milliseconds, between the current
* time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
* @see java.util.Date
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static native long currentTimeMillis();
/**
* Copies an array from the specified source array, beginning at the
* specified position, to the specified position of the destination array.
* A subsequence of array components are copied from the source
* array referenced by <code>src</code> to the destination array
* referenced by <code>dst</code>. The number of components copied is
* equal to the <code>length</code> argument. The components at
* positions <code>srcOffset</code> through
* <code>srcOffset+length-1</code> in the source array are copied into
* positions <code>dstOffset</code> through
* <code>dstOffset+length-1</code>, respectively, of the destination
* array.
* <p>
* If the <code>src</code> and <code>dst</code> arguments refer to the
* same array object, then the copying is performed as if the
* components at positions <code>srcOffset</code> through
* <code>srcOffset+length-1</code> were first copied to a temporary
* array with <code>length</code> components and then the contents of
* the temporary array were copied into positions
* <code>dstOffset</code> through <code>dstOffset+length-1</code> of the
* argument array.
* <p>
* If any of the following is true, an
* <code>ArrayStoreException</code> is thrown and the destination is
* not modified:
* <ul>
* <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an object that is not an
* array.
* <li>The <code>dst</code> argument refers to an object that is not an
* array.
* <li>The <code>src</code> argument and <code>dst</code> argument refer to
* arrays whose component types are different primitive types.
* <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an array with a primitive
* component type and the <code>dst</code> argument refers to an array
* with a reference component type.
* <li>The <code>src</code> argument refers to an array with a reference
* component type and the <code>dst</code> argument refers to an array
* with a primitive component type.
* </ul>
* <p>
* Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
* <code>ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException</code> is
* thrown and the destination is not modified:
* <ul>
* <li>The <code>srcOffset</code> argument is negative.
* <li>The <code>dstOffset</code> argument is negative.
* <li>The <code>length</code> argument is negative.
* <li><code>srcOffset+length</code> is greater than
* <code>src.length</code>, the length of the source array.
* <li><code>dstOffset+length</code> is greater than
* <code>dst.length</code>, the length of the destination array.
* </ul>
* <p>
* Otherwise, if any actual component of the source array from
* position <code>srcOffset</code> through
* <code>srcOffset+length-1</code> cannot be converted to the component
* type of the destination array by assignment conversion, an
* <code>ArrayStoreException</code> is thrown. In this case, let
* <b><i>k</i></b> be the smallest nonnegative integer less than
* length such that <code>src[srcOffset+</code><i>k</i><code>]</code>
* cannot be converted to the component type of the destination
* array; when the exception is thrown, source array components from
* positions <code>srcOffset</code> through
* <code>srcOffset+</code><i>k</i><code>-1</code>
* will already have been copied to destination array positions
* <code>dstOffset</code> through
* <code>dstOffset+</code><i>k</I><code>-1</code> and no other
* positions of the destination array will have been modified.
*
* @param src: the source array.
* @param srcpos start position in the source array.
* @param dest the destination array.
* @param destpos start position in the destination data.
* @param length the number of array elements to be copied.
* @exception ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if copying would cause
* access of data outside array bounds.
* @exception ArrayStoreException if an element in the <code>src</code>
* array could not be stored into the <code>dest</code> array
* because of a type mismatch.
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static native void arraycopy(Object src, int src_position,
Object dst, int dst_position,
int length);
/**
* Returns the same hashcode for the given object as
* would be returned by the default method hashCode(),
* whether or not the given object's class overrides
* hashCode().
* The hashcode for the null reference is zero.
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static native int identityHashCode(Object x);
/**
* System properties. The following properties are guaranteed to be defined:
* <dl>
* <dt>java.version <dd>Java version number
* <dt>java.vendor <dd>Java vendor specific string
* <dt>java.vendor.url <dd>Java vendor URL
* <dt>java.home <dd>Java installation directory
* <dt>java.class.version <dd>Java class version number
* <dt>java.class.path <dd>Java classpath
* <dt>os.name <dd>Operating System Name
* <dt>os.arch <dd>Operating System Architecture
* <dt>os.version <dd>Operating System Version
* <dt>file.separator <dd>File separator ("/" on Unix)
* <dt>path.separator <dd>Path separator (":" on Unix)
* <dt>line.separator <dd>Line separator ("\n" on Unix)
* <dt>user.name <dd>User account name
* <dt>user.home <dd>User home directory
* <dt>user.dir <dd>User's current working directory
* </dl>
*/
private static Properties props;
private static native Properties initProperties(Properties props);
/**
* Determines the current system properties.
* <p>
* If there is a security manager, its
* <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method is called with no
* arguments. This may result in a security exception.
* <p>
* The current set of system properties is returned as a
* <code>Properties</code> object. If there is no current set of
* system properties, a set of system properties is first created and
* initialized.
* <p>
* This set of system properties always includes values for the
* following keys:
* <table>
* <tr><th>Key</th>
* <th>Description of Associated Value</th></tr>
* <tr><td><code>java.version</code></td>
* <td>Java version number</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>java.vendor</code></td>
* <td>Java vendor-specific string</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>java.vendor.url</code></td>
* <td>Java vendor URL</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>java.home</code></td>
* <td>Java installation directory</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>java.class.version</code></td>
* <td>Java class format version number</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>java.class.path</code></td>
* <td>Java class path</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>os.name</code></td>
* <td>Operating system name</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>os.arch</code></td>
* <td>Operating system architecture</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>os.version</code></td>
* <td>Operating system version</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>file.separator</code></td>
* <td>File separator ("/" on UNIX)</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>path.separator</code></td>
* <td>Path separator (":" on UNIX)</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>line.separator</code></td>
* <td>Line separator ("\n" on UNIX)</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>user.name</code></td>
* <td>User's account name</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>user.home</code></td>
* <td>User's home directory</td></tr>
* <tr><td><code>user.dir</code></td>
* <td>User's current working directory</td></tr>
* </table>
*
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot access the
* system properties.
* @see java.lang.SecurityException
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
* @see java.util.Properties
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static Properties getProperties() {
if (security != null) {
security.checkPropertiesAccess();
}
return props;
}
/**
* Sets the system properties to the <code>Properties</code>
* argument.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its
* <code>checkPropertiesAccess</code> method is called with no
* arguments. This may result in a security exception.
* <p>
* The argument becomes the current set of system properties for use
* by the <code>getProperty</code> method. If the argument is
* <code>null</code>, then the current set of system properties is
* forgotten.
*
* @param props the new system properties.
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot set the
* system properties.
* @see java.lang.SecurityException
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void setProperties(Properties props) {
if (security != null) {
security.checkPropertiesAccess();
}
System.props = props;
}
/**
* Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its
* <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method is called with the key as
* its argument. This may result in a system exception.
* <p>
* If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
* properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
* for the <code>getProperties</code> method.
*
* @param key the name of the system property.
* @return the string value of the system property,
* or <code>null</code> if there is no property with that key.
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot access the
* system properties or the specified property.
* @see java.lang.SecurityException
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
* @see java.lang.System#getProperties()
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static String getProperty(String key) {
if (security != null) {
security.checkPropertyAccess(key);
}
return props.getProperty(key);
}
/**
* Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
* <p>
* First, if there is a security manager, its
* <code>checkPropertyAccess</code> method is called with the
* <code>key</code> as its argument.
* <p>
* If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
* properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
* for the <code>getProperties</code> method.
*
* @param key the name of the system property.
* @param def a default value.
* @return the string value of the system property,
* or the default value if there is no property with that key.
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot access the
* system properties or the specified property.
* @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
* @see java.lang.System#getProperties()
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static String getProperty(String key, String def) {
if (security != null) {
security.checkPropertyAccess(key);
}
return props.getProperty(key, def);
}
/**
* Gets an environment variable. An environment variable is a
* system dependent external variable that has a string value.
*
* @param the name of the environment variable.
* @return the value of the variable, or null if the variable is
* not defined.
* @since JDK1.0
* @deprecated
*/
public static String getenv(String name) {
throw new Error("getenv no longer supported, use properties and -D instead: " + name);
}
/**
* Terminates the currently running Java Virtual Machine. The
* argument serves as a status code; by convention, a nonzero status
* code indicates abnormal termination.
* <p>
* This method calls the <code>exit</code> method in class
* <code>Runtime</code>. This method never returns normally.
*
* @param status exit status.
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot exit with
* the specified status.
* @see java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void exit(int status) {
Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status);
}
/**
* Runs the garbage collector.
* <p>
* Calling the <code>gc</code> method suggests that the Java Virtual
* Machine expend effort toward recycling unused objects in order to
* make the memory they currently occupy available for quick reuse.
* When control returns from the method call, the Java Virtual
* Machine has made a best effort to reclaim space from all unused
* objects.
*
* @see java.lang.Runtime#gc()
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void gc() {
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
}
/**
* Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
* <p>
* Calling this method suggests that the Java Virtual Machine expend
* effort toward running the <code>finalize</code> methods of objects
* that have been found to be discarded but whose <code>finalize</code>
* methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
* method call, the Java Virtual Machine has made a best effort to
* complete all outstanding finalizations.
*
* @see java.lang.Runtime#runFinalization()
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void runFinalization() {
Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization();
}
/**
* Enable or disable finalization on exit; doing so specifies that the
* finalizers of all objects that have finalizers that have not yet been
* automatically invoked are to be run before the Java runtime exits.
* By default, finalization on exit is disabled.
* @see java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
* @see java.lang.Runtime#gc()
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static void runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value) {
Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalizersOnExit(value);
}
/**
* Loads the specified filename as a dynamic library. The filename
* argument must be a complete pathname.
* <p>
* This method calls the <code>load</code> method in class
* <code>Runtime. </code>
*
* @param filename the file to load.
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot load the
* specified dynamic library.
* @exception UnsatisfiedLinkError if the file does not exist.
* @see java.lang.Runtime#load(java.lang.String)
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void load(String filename) {
Runtime.getRuntime().load(filename);
}
/**
* Loads the system library specified by the <code>libname</code>
* argument. The manner in which a library name is mapped to the
* actual system library is system dependent.
*
* @param libname the name of the library.
* @exception SecurityException if the current thread cannot load the
* specified dynamic library.
* @exception UnsatisfiedLinkError if the library does not exist.
* @see java.lang.Runtime#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public static void loadLibrary(String libname) {
Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary(libname);
}
/**
* The following two methods exist because in, out, and err must be
* initialized to null. The compiler, however, cannot be permitted to
* inline access to them, since they are later set to more sensible values
* by initializeSystemClass().
*/
private static InputStream nullInputStream() throws NullPointerException {
if (currentTimeMillis() > 0)
return null;
throw new NullPointerException();
}
private static PrintStream nullPrintStream() throws NullPointerException {
if (currentTimeMillis() > 0)
return null;
throw new NullPointerException();
}
/**
* Initialize the system class. Called after thread initialization.
*/
private static void initializeSystemClass() {
props = new Properties();
initProperties(props);
FileInputStream fdIn = new FileInputStream(FileDescriptor.in);
FileOutputStream fdOut = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.out);
FileOutputStream fdErr = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.err);
setIn0(new BufferedInputStream(fdIn));
setOut0(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fdOut, 128), true));
setErr0(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fdErr, 128), true));
}
}